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Time Value of Money

Solve PV, FV, PMT, rate, or periods. The foundational financial formula with amortization schedule, sensitivity table, and quick-fill real-world scenarios.

Where this fits

💸 Budgeting & Cash FlowCash FlowHouseholds

This tool lives inside Cash Flow and is most useful for households.

401(k) Limit 2024$23,000
Roth IRA Limit$7,000
S&P 500 Avg Return~10%/yr

Solve For

Annuity Type

Inputs

Greyed-out field is the one being solved. Use consistent period units (e.g. monthly rate + monthly periods).

Quick Scenarios

Future Value
$57,554,944
Solved Value
$57,554,944
Future Value
Total Payments
$60,000
120 periods
Total Interest
$57,484,944
Earned or paid
Growth Multiple
5755.49×
FV ÷ PV

Sensitivity Analysis

Rate +1%
$166,604,885
Rate −1%
$19,941,775
+1 period
$61,584,290
−1 period
$53,789,200

Schedule (first 24 periods)

PeriodPaymentInterestPrincipalBalance
1$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
2$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
3$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
4$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
5$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
6$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
7$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
8$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
9$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
10$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
11$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
12$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
13$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
14$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
15$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
16$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
17$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
18$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
19$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
20$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
21$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
22$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
23$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
24$500.00$700.00$0.00$10,000.00
1

TVM core formula

FV = PV×(1+r)^n + PMT×((1+r)^n−1)/r × (1+r×due)

PV=$10,000, PMT=$500/period, r=7%/period, n=120 periods

= $57,554,944

Ordinary annuity — payments at end of each period.

2

Total payments

total_pmts = |PMT| × n

$500 × 120 periods

= $60,000

3

Interest earned / paid

interest = |FV| − |PV| − total_pmts

= $57,484,944

Represents time-value gain or cost depending on context (investing vs borrowing).

Key insight

TVM is the foundation of every financial decision. A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow because it can be invested. The five variables (PV, FV, PMT, Rate, Periods) are always in balance — fix any four and the fifth is determined. For monthly compounding (most real-world loans), divide the annual rate by 12 and multiply periods by 12.

Use this result in →

FI Number →Business Loan →Retirement Catch-Up →

#ShowYourWork

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